Friday 7 March 2008

Conference Group 3: Municipal Wifi

Group Members:
  • Jangwon Seo (Paul)
  • Adam Lawson
  • Andrew Godfrey
Topic Overview
Numerous cities around the world have implemented free public wi-fi schemes and, likewise, many businesses are offering paid for, advertising supported or free wi-fi hotspots too. This group will explore the question of whether or not local councils should provide free wi-fi hotspots in their cities. There could be social and economic advantages from doing so, but schemes to date have had only limited success.

Useful Links

Thursday 6 March 2008

Conference Group 2: Attempts by Government(s) to Control the Internet

Group Members:
  • Sofia Benza Lezcano
  • Jorge Ribeiro
  • Adam Formby
  • Matthew Mann
  • Lin Li

Topic Overview:
We talked quite a bit on the virtual seminar about attempts by governments (be it in the UK or elsewhere) to regulate, censor and even block the internet. There are concerns here about freedom and privacy, but also perhaps legitimate areas of state activity where control is a response to specific dangers identified by the government. Group 2 will examine the ways in which governments have and do try to control the internet and offer thought on when and where this is right and wrong.

Useful Links

Conference Group 1: The implications of social networking software

Group Members:
  • Ed Barden
  • Tarek Allouni
  • Hyunguck Seo (Tom)
Topic Overview:
There have been quite a few posts on the virtual seminar about facebook and myspace: be it in terms of who uses social networking software (SNS), why, the dangers, the threat to privacy and so on. Group 1 will examine this new trend and what it means for society and whether government (or, indeed, the companies providing SNS and the people using it) need to respond to any specific threats and dangers.

Useful Links

Monday 3 March 2008

WEEK 10 CONFERENCE

A little more info about the Week 10 conference.

Your group's task for your chosen policy area is to :

* produce a brief (c. 2-4 pages) handout outlining (i) the dilemmas the government faces in the field they are investigating, (ii) the options open to them and (iii) the group’s preferred policy response(s)

* present their report to the rest of the class in the conference on Thursday of week 10 – talk to last about 15-25 mins

* field questions from other participants at the conference and defend their position against any criticisms that are posed for around another 15-25 mins

One way of approaching the task might be to undertake a ‘SWOT’ analysis: analysing the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities in your chosen area – but only use this approach if it helps.

If any groups/parts of groups want to take over initial ideas I will be around this Thursday during the time we normally meet so feel to pop along/set up an appointment.

On the day we will be at King’s Manor, room K/133; directions here. It’s right in the centre of town and is next door to the York Art Gallery. In anticipation of people getting lost, please aim to get there for 14.15 but we will formally start at 14.30. (The slightly later start is to give people who have a class beforehand to get over here from campus). We should finish around the normal time (16.15) and those who are interested can head over to a bar or coffee shop in town for an end of term drink afterwards.

Finally, and perhaps most importantly, people need to sign up for a group and get working on their report and presentation!

The two topics we were agreed were:

(1) The implications of social networking software. There have been quite a few posts on the virtual seminar about facebook and myspace: be it in terms of who uses SNS, why, the dangers, the threat to privacy and so on. Group 1 will examine this new trend and what it means for society and whether government (or, indeed, the companies providing SNS and the people using it) need to respond to any specific threats and dangers.

(2) Attempts by Government(s) to Control the Internet. We have also talked quite a bit about attempts by governments (be it in the UK or elsewhere) to regulate, censor and even block the internet. There are concerns here about freedom and privacy, but also perhaps legitimate areas of state activity where control is a response to specific dangers identified by the government. Group 2 will examine the ways in which governments have and do try to control the internet and offer thought on when and where this is right and wrong.

You can sign up for you chosen group in the comments section of this post...

Wednesday 27 February 2008

Superhighway Achievers

Many deprived households are still not online, but one project is providing the kit and the skills to change that
Ella Marshall

This article appeared in the Guardian on Wednesday February 27 2008 on p7 of the Society news & features section. It was last updated at 00:21 on February 27 2008.


Using the internet, Maria Whittingham recently arranged transportation, tickets and accommodation for a trip to Kew Gardens for her parent and child group. It was amazing, she says, considering that a year ago she had never used a computer.

Whittingham attends the Aberfeldy neighbourhood centre, in Tower Hamlets, east London, which received funding in 2007 to run a social impact demonstrator project - a model for support groups whose members were identified as socially disadvantaged, by the government's social exclusion action plan. The remit involves exploring how IT can change their lives.

Research last year by UK Online Centres, which runs the project, found that while 39% of the UK population are not online, the proportion of disadvantaged people who are "digitally excluded" is around 75%. Based on the Aberfeldy estate in Poplar, the project actively targets deprived families, supplying them with the equipment and skills to become digitally aware. The scheme provides families with recycled computers supplied by social enterprise firm Digibridge, and with internet access. It is one of 20 such schemes throughout England. According to UK Online, some 5,000 people have accessed the initiatives since last March.

Participants take part in an eight-week course, four weeks into which they are given the computers for the duration of the project. Lessons are supplemented by weekly home visits from volunteers, which continue for six months. Diye Wariebi, Digibridge founder, says the course is more than spreadsheets and word processing; tutors focus on areas they feel will be relevant to participants. "We don't teach things like PowerPoint; it's not seen as relevant", says Wariebi. "The course is about asking questions and experimenting."

It would be relatively easy to distribute the PCs and let the families work out how to use them but Wariebi says people are often held back by a lack of confidence. "Bringing people into a class [means] they can fully express themselves and realise they are not alone," he explains. "It leads to peer-leading where they are willing to help out friends using their new skills."

And these new skills mean parents can keep up with their children's computer knowledge. Rubi Bagom says the course has been instrumental in aiding her involvement with her three young children's schoolwork. "I wanted to learn for both me and my children," she says. Now she no longer uses it just to help her children: "I do everything on the internet. I don't leave the house!"
According to Roger Mullings, project manager at the Aberfeldy centre, Bagom's experience is typical. "The whole aim of the training was for social inclusion, as well as financial inclusion," he says. "Through the courses we can show people the value of what they are missing."

A recent survey by Poplar Harca, the housing association that owns the neighbourhood centre, found that 100% of course participants continued internet usage after the course, with more than 75% using the internet for job searching, and 50% using it for educational purposes.
Whittingham says that before the course she had no idea of the wealth of information on the internet. "I didn't own a computer, so I didn't know what I was missing. Now I know how to use email and how to get in contact with my MP. It has opened doors of exploration."


http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2008/feb/27/socialexclusion

Is Facebook finally losing its glow?

After months of explosive growth, the number of people visiting Facebook fell for the first time last month
Jonathan Richards

Facebook, the UK's most popular social networking site, has suffered its first monthly drop in visitor numbers, according to figures published today.
After 17 successive months of increasing its monthly audience in the UK, Facebook suffered a 5 per cent dip in visitors between December and January - from 8.9 million to 8.5 million.
In January, Facebook's audience was still 712 per cent greater than in the same month last year, and up 10 per cent on the previous quarter, but the figures will nonetheless represent a blow to the firm, which has enjoyed a meteoric rise in subscriber numbers since becoming widely available in late 2006.
Facebook, which has become popular with a professional audience both as a way of sharing content as well as hunting for job opportunities, was not the only social networking site to suffer, however.

MySpace, the UK's second most popular site in the category, also fell 5 per cent to 5 million, while Bebo, the third largest, dropped 2 per cent to 4.1 million, according to figures published by Nielsen Online.
In the past 12 months, several of the top ten networking sites have found that their visitors have deserted them. Networks on Yahoo! and Google-owned sites experienced falls of 16 per cent and 30 per cent respectively, while Piczo, a site specifically targeting teenagers, lost 56 per cent of its audience - suggesting that 2008 may be a year in which a general 'malaise' about social networking sets in.
"Facebook was never going to be able to carry on growing the way it has, and a lot of people - especially those who've been using it heavily - are now starting to get Facebook fatigue," Alex Burmaster, an internet analyst at Nielsen Online said.
"I think when something explodes like that a lot of people check it out because they feel they should, but while getting alerts about what your friends are up to is exciting for a time, that's inevitably going to die down."
Mr Burmaster said that the broader social networking sites would plateau this year, and that growth would come in niche sites, which were more sustainable because audiences tended to more highly engaged in subjects that were close to them.
He cited the example of WAYN (Where Are You Now), a travel networking site whose UK audience has grown 25 per cent in the past year to 461,000, and LinkedIn, the professional network, which jumped from 161,000 to 433,000.
Rebecca Jennings, an analyst at Forrester, said it wasn't surprising that Facebook's audience had dropped slightly because the surge of media interest in the site last year had led to many registrations by people who were never likely to use it in the long term.
She added that the figures only represented one month, and while social networking was "no longer in the heady days" of double or triple digit growth, sites like Facebook still had the potential to increase their audiences - both in the UK and in less developed markets.
Mr Nielsen added that the drop in Facebook's numbers between December and January could not be attributed to a lull in communication as people recover from the excesses of the Christmas season.
In the same period last year, MySpace's audience grew by 4 per cent, and Facebook's by 3 per cent, he said.

http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article3410287.ece

Tuesday 26 February 2008

Mousetrap Technology

It's only a short article but I thought it went with the whole internet crime thing and how people might just be messing around but it can lead to serious concequences.

February 25, 2008
What's the penalty for creating a fake Facebook page?
Three years in the clink if you happen to live in Morocco, and the target of your gag is the King's brother. On Friday, a Moroccan judge sentenced Fouad Mourtada, a 27-year-old computer engineer, to three years in prison and a fine of 10,000 dinar (about £660 pounds, a big chunk of a techie's salary in Morocco) for creating a fictional Facebook identity for King Mohammed VI's brother, Prince Moulay Rachid.
Amnesty International told AFP that they were "shocked by such a heavy verdict", and the civil rights group has already begun questioning the veracity of the evidence, which they say was extracted from Mourtada under duress.
The news is already rippling through the Facebook community. A host of groups critical of King Mohammed VI have been created plus "Help Fouad" petition groups in multiple languages. As one erratically spelt Facebook petition reads, "There are on Facebook 41 Nicolas Sarkozy, 10 prince William of England, Many Jackes Chirac (Former France president), Roger Federer, Georges Bush, Osama Benladen and so on...Fouad's initiative was a pure innocent act without any personal gain or harmful intent. Since Facebook Launch on 2004, a big number of young adults in many countries profile public figures and stars on Facebook for reasons of admiration or entertainment, without malicious intent."
There are now 2,720 members, including a "Prince Moulay Rachid" who says: "This is truly a farce. I am deeply ashamed by this."
At least one Prince Moulay Rachid is.


http://timesonline.typepad.com/technology/2008/02/whats-the-crime.html

Wednesday 20 February 2008

Is MySpace Good for Society?

A collection of short articles reflecting on the impact of social networking software over on the Freakonomics blog.

One Laptop per Child... in Australia

The newly elected Australian government has promised a 'digital education revolution', at the heart of which is their own version of having one laptop per child in Australia.

However, some of the media are unsure such a scheme will work in practice. Indeed, The Age suggest that 'Giving every high school student their own laptop is a recipe for disaster'.

Special Report on Technology and Government

I keep forgetting to include the link... :

http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displayStory.cfm?story_id=10638002

Special Report on Technology and Government


Once again The Economist, but this time its a 14 page special report on technology and government! There are about 6 different articles, including: the pros and cons of e-government, e-government is only the beginning etc... They're all REALLY relevant. Its also got some graphs such as broadband penetration stats and mobile phone subscribers. The graph on the left, also included in this report, compares the investment / success ratio of implementing e-government. Britain isn't in the ideal situation.

Tuesday 19 February 2008

Machine to match man by 2029

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7248875.stm

This was an article on the bbc news website about claims made about the advancement of robots and machines. Although the predictions of nano robots that will make us more intelligent is interesting i found the "challenges facing humanity" very telling.

Make solar energy affordable
Provide energy from fusion
Develop carbon sequestration
Manage the nitrogen cycle
Provide access to clean water
Reverse engineer the brain
Prevent nuclear terror
Secure cyberspace
Enhance virtual reality
Improve urban infrastructure
Advance health informatics
Engineer better medicines
Advance personalised learning
Explore natural frontiers

Along with star trek type ones such as "Explore natural frontiers" and "Provide energy from fusion" there is "Provide access to clean water".

Is this evidence of an ever increasing technological divide between the poorest in the world and the richest?

Wikileaks

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7250916.stm

An interesting article about a whistle blowing website that allowed people to anonymously upload dodgy government documents.

Tuesday 12 February 2008

Week 6 Presentation

Hi Everyone, I'm not here on thursday so this is a post with all the ideas and examples surrounding IBNIS which would be explored in the presentation.

What do Burrows et al mean when they say that Internet Based Neighbourhood Information Systems (IBNIS) are ‘being used to ‘sort’ places and the people who live in them in particular ways’?

What are IBNIS?
- ‘Neighbourhood Images’ used to be used to choose a location to move to. These were a creation of the neighbourhood residents and primary local sources (such as shopkeepers or estate agents). These were the ‘key information holders’ and the information was passed mainly verbally.
- Nowadays, the internet can do all of this for us through IBNIS.
- An example of a IBNIS is www.upmystreet.com
- I entered my postcode to get a description of my area and a summary of what came up is as follows:

Here is an overview of the likely preferences and features of your neighbourhood:

Family income- medium
Interest in current affairs -Medium
Housing - with mortgage - High
Educated - to degree - High
Couples with children - Low
Have satellite TV - Low

In addition, they give you a general description of the area:

‘Often, many of the people who live in this sort of postcode will be white-collar singles or sharers living in terraces.’

Also, a suggestion of other cities in the UK where I might find areas like this came up and even what newspaper my neighbourhood tends to read.

Types of IBNIS

- From the previous example it is easy to see how Burrows et al can identify IBNIS as a way of ‘sorting people’
- Nevertheless, there are different types of IBNIS
§ e.g. www.citystats.org is a policy research based one with some signs of social software while www.checkmyfile.com is a very commercial one.
§ Some IBNIS are derived from the government itself- neighbourhoodstatistics.gov.uk

Advantages and optimism VS disadvantages and pessimism

Advantages-
- Makes information ‘colourful’
- Makes information available at different ‘levels’ of geography and it is easy to more from one ‘location’ to another (end of geography argument).
- Could help the government identify areas in which more schools or better education are needed. (Targeting)
- This system of ratings and grouping fits in with the contemporary tradition of classification and data collection and use.
- ‘Local knowledge’ could help communication within and between neighbourhoods.
- IBNIS are essentially a service for people
- Finally, the last advantage is one that could also be a disadvantage- the possibility of neighbourhoods to‘re-invent’ themselves as poor aspects of their locality could be focused on and changed. Neverthless, this is supposing that if a problem is identified it will be fixed.

Disadvantages-
- The traditional time-consuming activity of searching for a house will not be replaced in certain places where the relationship between realtors and purchasers is valued (the US for example) and so it becomes just an extra thing to go through.
- ‘We are where we live’ will stop being applicable as our purchases or interests are recorded and prioritised by these systems. This leads to people being ‘what they consume’ and their identities arising from that.
- Technology of this type together with tracing can be considered as a form of surveillance. An example of how far this can go is www.followus.co.uk where by paying a certain amount per month it is possible to track down any registered mobile phone.
- The wealth (or type of information) may not be welcomed by those who live there. This is either because of the large amount of detail or because of the fact that the way we see ourselves and our neighbourhood is not necessarily the way that other people would rate it or write about it.
- In certain areas a description could be inaccurate and result in ‘red-lining’ with it being difficult to challenge the image that has already been created by IBNIS.
- The people who would have access to, or knowledge of, these web-sites would be within the richer 50% of the population so the result is that they find the best places to go with the best schools, best cultural activities, less crime etc. This leads to a larger gap between the richer and the poorer.

The limits of leapfrogging

Completely forgot to include the link...

http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10650775

Monday 11 February 2008

Technology in emerging economies


Found this great article in the economist, "The limits of leapfrogging". In it there is also a link to a very interesting World Bank report on technology.

Friday 8 February 2008

Future Living?

I read the Usborne Book of the Future at school when I was 7... which was some time ago.

Apparently the book first came out in 1979 and this is how the writers thought things would be today... not bad as a set of predictions... except for the robot serving drinks... and the clothes aren't quite right either!




(click image to open larger version)

Thursday 7 February 2008

Mobiles narrow digital divisions

Mobile phones and net access are helping narrow the gulf between rich and poor nations, says a UN report.
The efficiencies these technologies bring has boosted development in poorer countries, said the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
Mobile phone users in developing nations now make up 58% of handset subscribers worldwide, it said.
But it warned that the digital divide meant that developing nations still lagged far behind richer countries.
Big gap
The annual Information Economy report by the UN body looks at the way that science and technology can drive long-term economic growth.
It was now well-established, said the report, that greater use of technology in businesses, schools and at home could raise standards of living and help people prosper.
In many developing nations the mobile phone had become the standard bearer for these changes, it said.
"In Africa, where the increase in terms of the number of mobile phone subscribers and penetration has been greatest, this technology can improve the economic life of the population as a whole," it said.
In rural communities in Uganda, and the small vendors in South Africa, Senegal and Kenya mobile phones were helping traders get better prices, ensure less went to waste and sell goods faster.
The take up of mobiles was allowing developing nations to "leapfrog" some generations of technology such as fixed line telephones and reap more immediate rewards, said the report.
Greater use of computers in small businesses in countries such as Thailand made staff boost productive, it said. A study of Thai manufacturing firms showed that a 10% increase in computer literate staff produced a 3.5% productivity gain.
The developing world was also catching up in terms of net availability. In 2002, said UNCTAD, net availability was ten times higher in developing nations. In 2006, net availability was only six times higher.
But despite the improvements mobiles and greater computer use were bringing in their wake, the report warned that a big gulf remained between rich and poor.
Developed countries still had many more net users and since 2002 had the gap in terms of broadband users had widened.
To make the most of the transformative potential of the net, mobiles and other technologies the UN report recommended that countries update cyber laws, intellectual property regulations, upgrade infrastructure and invest in training.

BBC

Wednesday 6 February 2008

Fraud and the Welfare State

Combating fraud in the welfare stateMonday, September 24, 2007
Adrian Carr at SPSS looks to the private sector for inspiration.

Benefits fraud cost the UK taxpayer £2.6 billion last year and calls to cut this figure back and improve efficiency have never been stronger. Reported holes in the system, the 'one size fits all' approach to service and the automation of request processing are all combining to enable fraudulent claims to slip through the net.

By the very nature of its work, the public sector collects vast amounts of data and information, and the Department for Work and Pensions is no different. This puts it in a strong position to identify fraudulent or inaccurate claims.

However, the downside is that there's a real danger of data deluge leading to information overload. And, if you can't be completely sure whether or not the data is accurate, you're starting out from a weak position. Low confidence in the quality of information means it's barely worth having it in the first place.

Accurate data is the first step to raising user confidence in the insight on file. Once systems and processes are in place to check and verify information, confidence rises and organisations can then analyse data and use the resulting information in their fight against fraud.

To begin the journey towards a reformed welfare state we should be looking to the private sector for inspiration. Plenty of parallels can be drawn with the global insurance and financial sectors for example. Both of these have the same valid aspirations to improve customer service and efficiency and reduce fraud, albeit to the benefit of shareholders rather than tax payers.

A whole host of solutions have been tried and tested in these sectors to achieve these goals, and I've seen various approaches succeed. For instance, an increasing number of companies are using data mining technology to draw on insights from previous customer behaviour to tackle these issues. By trawling through existing data, the technology can be used to identify models and profiles of those who are most likely to make fraudulent claims.

However, while analysis of past behaviour is a good indicator of future activity, there is a need to continue to monitor behaviour as it changes over time. By deploying these proven models in a real-time environment, such as a call centre, they can begin providing agents with caller insight that will help identify potentially fraudulent applications. This approach is known as Predictive Analytics.

As many as 20 of the top 25 global banks are using Predictive Analytics to detect and prevent fraudulent activity and money laundering, as well as to achieve higher standards of customer service. Large international insurance companies such as Corona Direct – Belgium's second-largest direct insurance company, and Natexis Assurances, the insurance division of French bank group Group Banque Populaire – have been using the technology for some time.

Alpha Credit Belgium, a subsidiary of Fortis Bank, is a good example of how Predictive Analytics has been used in the consumer credit business to help assess loan applications on an individual basis. By undertaking data analysis, through planning, data collection, access and management, the bank was able to create continually-updated customer credit profiles.

Having established these, the bank was able to analyse a customer's credit risk on a case-by-case basis, by guiding call centre operators through the initial call, and determining which requests could be fast-tracked and which should be further investigated. Alpha Credit reported that it was then able to accept as many as 90 per cent of loan applications on the spot, by having trusted data on hand that identified customers as 'low risk'. With up-to-date profiles in place, there was also less need for human intervention. The same techniques could easily be applied to the benefits system, and it is easy to see where they could lead to greater efficiency, such as being able to speed up those claims that are genuine by establishing them right from the call centre stage.

Another financial services example is Lloyds TSB which recognised the need for a proactive fraud prevention measure. The company estimated that as many as one in six insurance claims were fraudulent. By using analysis of real-time customer behaviour, within a matter of days a number of models and profiles of fraudulent activity were created to help the bank immediately recognise abnormalities, and Lloyds TSB made an estimated annual saving of £2.5 million.

Applications such as this have enabled private sector companies to better identify potentially fraudulent claims early, leading to a dramatic improvement in insurance claims handling. Along with a reduction in fraud it's prompted an improvement in customer service as legitimate claimants are easily fast-tracked and directly compensated.

We're all aware of the limited resources that the public sector has access to, so it's really important that they are used to their full potential. The expensive fraud investigation resources should be focused where they are needed, instead of being spread too thinly.

By using data to fast-track bona fide claims as early as the initial call and make helpful suggestions about related issues to claimants, many of the processes can be automated. This enables call centre workers to handle a greater volume of calls, or frees up their time to investigate potentially fraudulent claims. I believe that the sharing of information, and making the most of existing public data to act quickly and clamp down on fraudsters, is the easiest step the welfare state can take to achieving efficiency in benefits delivery.

http://www.publicservice.co.uk/feature_story.asp?id=8215

This article seems to use the neo-liberal rhetoric that the private sector can provide the answers to benefit fraud. I personally don't see how there can be such direct comparisons between online-banking which is a service in which banks are free to decline customers and benefit claiming which is a fundamental right of citizenship. A benefit's agency cannot turn down a claimant simply because they may fit a pattern can they?

As discussed last week maybe some form of benefits/Id card is the only way to combat online applications for benefits. Or maybe benefits simply should not be available online???

I do however agree with his point that maybe the sharing of information when it comes to benefits would help speed up applications and reduce fraud. This would however be incredibly hard considering the large numbers of agencies and departments that deal with the different benefits, maybe it's time for a centralised body to co-ordinate the system? Not only would this lead to greater efficiencies and a reduction in fraud (hopefully) it would be a lot easier for claimants to fill out one form to claim for all their benefits at once.

One Laptop Per Child



For those that haven't heard of this scheme it was developed a couple of years ago with the intention of providing children in developing countries with a laptop each for the ultra low cost of $100. This was to be paid directly from governments which would then mean no money would be wasted on marketing etc.

It was pioneered by a MIT professor Nicholas Negroponte at Davos (same place where the Bill Gates video is from). The idea was to get all the big computing countries onboard top donate then help develop the XO laptop, these included giants such as Google, Intel, AMD, Ebay, and Red Hat. Its goal is: "To provide children around the world with new opportunities to explore, experiment and express themselves"

The laptop is by no means a top-of-the-range system and relies on cheap parts and free open-source software. For instance it uses Linux as opposed to Windows as an operating system along with open source office programs. However in recent months Intel have rocked the boat considerably by leaving the group to promote their own laptop in direct competition. http://www.digitaldivide.net/articles/view.php?ArticleID=939 Intel seem to think there is some profit to be made from these low costs laptops and have even gone as far as to employ some dirty marketing tricks to convince companies of their "superior" laptop (see the digital divide article for more details)


Due to the competition and the loss of the Intel chips it has pushed the price up to almost double. They OLPC scheme has also introduced a "buy one, get one free" or "Give one, Get one" type scheme in which people in developed countries such as our own may now buy one for ourselves for around $400 and one is then sent to a child in a developing world.
Check out the website http://laptop.org/ Its a really interesting scheme and product, however a few questions should probably be asked in terms of how effective it will truly be?


digital divide

http://www.digitaldividenetwork.org/

Is a really interesting website which seems to be trying to foster a community around the issues of the digital divide.

Monday 4 February 2008

Presentations

Hi, Just wondering if anyone could possibly swap presentations with me. My topic is in week 6 and it's:
What do Burrows et al mean when they say that internet based neighbourhood information systems (IBNIS) are 'being used to ‘sort’ places and the people who live in them in particular ways'?

Its not out of lazyness, I'm actually physically not in the country so I would really appriciate a swap!
Thank you!

Friday 1 February 2008

Havoc on deadline: the Great Tax Crash

Found this article in the Times, thought it was quite relevent to the semina today. Shows kinda where we are in terms of online services...

The Treasury is to review spending on government IT projects in an effort to halt a series of scandals as Gordon Brown’s ambitions to computerise public services were dealt another blow yesterday.

Hundreds of thousands of people were given an extra 24 hours to file their returns online after the HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) computer filing system crashed hours before the annual deadline. The website failed to work for nearly six hours on the biggest day of the tax year, denting Mr Brown’s plans to make all taxpayers file online within four years.

A major review of public spending will seek to draw lessons from recent IT disasters, which have cost the tax billions, The Times has learn. The review, to be conducted by Yvette Cooper, the new Chief Secretary to the Treasury, will look at IT procurement in several areas.

A Treasury source said that the review, across a dozen areas of government spending, would seek to “ensure better value for money” for future IT projects. A recent survey revealed that the cost to the taxpayer of abandoned Whitehall computer projects since 2000 had reached £2 billion.

This comes days after the Prime Minister asked Paul Murphy, the Welsh Secretary, to chair a new cabinet committee on IT and information security, suggesting renewed interest from No 10 in the area. This includes the Child Support Agency’s £486 million computer up-grade – which failed, causing a £1 billion claims write-off – and an adult learning programme subject to major fraud.

Yesterday’s tax crash happened two months after HMRC lost two computer disks containing the details of 25 million child benefit claimants and follows other serious lapses, further undermining government claims that it can handle major IT projects.

About 100,000 people were unable to access the HMRC system after it collapsed shortly after 9am. It was out of service until the afternoon, leaving many unable to file by the midnight deadline and facing fines. HMRC was forced to issue an apology and cancel all fines for nonsubmission, postponing the deadline until midnight tonight.

Politicians and IT experts questioned why the Government had failed to run the system efficiently at a crucial period of the financial year and cast doubts on its ability to introduce an online system for all self-assessment taxpayers by 2012.It is thought that HMRC saves about £5 for each return filed online rather than on paper. It plans to save more than £450 million by 2014 by moving more of its tax collection online. However, the Treasury’s own plans for online filing are based on the proviso that HMRC’s systems can cope.

Yesterday frustrated readers contacted The Times furious that they were spending hours trying to file. One said: “It just shows incompetence about a technical issue and causes unneccesary pressure. If they want people to file online, this system should be bullet-proof and it blatantly is not.”

A Revenue spokesman said: “HMRC takes any disruption of service very seriously and to reflect this no one who files electronically or by paper by midnight Friday 1 February will face a penalty.”

About four million of the nine million people who pay tax via self-assessment are expected to file their return online this year, up from 2.9 million last year. Last night, 3.6 million people had already filed online, but hundreds of thousands are expected to have missed the initial deadline. About 900,000 missed it last year.

Philip Hammond, the Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury, said: “When will Alistair Darling get a grip? He’s happy to threaten taxpayers with £100 fines if they don’t send in their tax returns on time, but he can’t even provide them with the basic tools to do the job.”

Private firms were baffled about how the Revenue’s website was unable to withstand a surge of visitors. Rob Steggles, of NTT Europe Online, a web hosting company, said: “If an organisation’s web presence fails to perform at a critical time, both reputation and revenue suffer.

“It doesn’t matter whether it’s in the private or public sector – a secure, reliable website is of crucial importance to an organisation’s ability to serve its customers and protect its revenues.”
Last week HMRC admitted that its system was not secure enough to be used by MPs, celebrities and the Royal Family, and that thousands of “high-profile” people had been secretly told not to use it.

Website weaknesses
—Potential problems include band width – the size of the pipe that connects a website to the internet. There is typically a peak amount of information that can be communicated. The site owner can, however, call upon its service provider to increase its width

—Another is the web server – the box that stores information on the site and fetches pages when a visitor requests them – which can only handle a limited amount of requests at once

—The could be a fault with the site’s app servers – like web servers but performing more complicated tasks

—A site aware that demand is about to increase can rent more servers or use a hosting company such as IBM to run its servers – known as on-demand computing

—Using a technique called content distribution, sites with global audiences can also store information around the world to ease pressure on the main server

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article3285628.ece

Tuesday 29 January 2008

Fennville: example of a creative class region

This is the article I had in my presentation last week, might be useful if anyone wants to do their essay on this.

On its face, Fennville looks like a typical Mayberry-style rural town – no stoplights, a one-block business district along Main Street, a few mom-and-pop stores. But this city of around 1,500 between Saugatuck and Douglas is in the midst of a cultural renaissance that is helping transform it from a sagging agricultural berg into a bohemian center.

Art galleries are springing up around town, and earlier this year the Allegan County Children's Museum opened its doors. The Journeyman Café restaurant and bakery is quickly becoming regarded as one of West Michigan's true culinary jewels."You're just surrounded by really great stuff, and I think a lot of young people who have a lot of really great ideas have decided to live here and are starting their own thing," says Kristin Gebben, co-owner of Gebben/Gray Gallery. "It's really exciting."

Suddenly Fennville is a hotspot. It's a development that could be called a triumph of the so-called "creative class." The creative class concept is a product of the work of social scientist Richard Florida, who posits that certain types of workers in creative pursuits – artists, architects, gallery owners, etc. – are harbingers of urban redevelopment.

That concept underpins much of Michigan's Cool Cities initiative.What most of the new businesses have in common is a commitment to low-volume, high quality offerings. "We're all striving for something that's real," says Dawn Stafford, owner of the Peachbelt Studio and Gallery on the outskirts of town.

Many credit the pioneering work of Journeyman Café with helping nurture this growth. From its launch in 2003, what began as a simple coffee shop, has become an exemplar of the slow foods movement, with an emphasis on organic, locally grown and artisan foods. "I don't want to take credit for it here, but I think the restaurant did have something to do with shining a light on things," says Journeyman co-owner and executive chef Matthew Millar. "We have this kind of broken down old town here that hasn't had the greatest of reputations for a long time, and we just stumbled on this piece of real estate. We decided to take a chance on it and when we did, we started to see a little more clearly that there were a lot of people in the area who were doing a lot of cool things. We've got this weird little collection of misfits who have just been fantastic."

Millar and his wife Amy Cook had been informally looking for a location to start a restaurant in Saugatuck or Douglas when they found the storefront at 114 E. Main St. The couple stumbled on the restaurant's location one morning after eating breakfast at the Blue Goose Café down the street. It had previously been "a really bad coffee house," Millar says. Because the concept was to make the restaurant a destination they were willing to take a chance on Fennville.

"We didn't want to fill up with 400 fudge-seeking tourists every Saturday afternoon being in downtown Douglas or Saugatuck," Millar says. "And downtown Saugatuck is going to be just as dead as we are in the wintertime. So what's the point of this 10-week season where we're feeding people we don't want to feed in the first place?"Millar says the rent on the building was far cheaper than anything they could have found in Saugatuck or Douglas. And, by being located away from the center of the tourist trade, Journeyman was able to grow at a more leisurely pace."We were able to grow into this in a way that I think that we wouldn't have been able to do in a community where we would have been busy right off the bat," Millar says.Journeyman's presence was a draw for Gebben and partner Theresa Gray. The pair worked together in a gallery in Saugatuck before opening the Gebben/Gray Gallery next door to Journeyman two years ago, and she says the restaurant had a lot to do with their choice of location.Gebben says business in Fennville has been "surprisingly good."

"For us, with the type of market we have selling art, it really is a destination-type business. I think Theresa and I both believe if you do something well and believe in what you're doing, people will find you. And people have," Gebben says.Neighboring gallery owner Bruce Cutean wasn't planning on opening a new location when he sold the original ThirdStone Gallery& Art Works building in Laketown Township between Holland and Saugatuck last year after 11 years in business. His apartment above Journeyman and the Gebben/Gray Gallery became ThirdStone's new home out of necessity last year when the space he was planning to use for his lucrative annual holiday show didn't pan out. Someone suggested using his apartment, and before he knew it, he was back in the gallery business, doing as well as he ever has. "This thing has a life of its own, apparently. It's not following my basic plan. But something tells me I need to go with that natural evolution, because it's happening for a reason," Cutean says.

Fennville is ethnically diverse – with nearly a third of the city Latino – and that diversity is one of the things credited for helping Fennville's rise. Locals describe Fennville as more like a big city on a small scale, rather than a typical small town."You just wander through the grocery store, you'll talk to a dozen people from all walks of life. You'll have cottage people from the Lakeshore; you'll have Hispanics who don't even speak English to ones who have lived in this community for a long time. You've got farmers. You've got artists. It's a genuine little melting pot, which is what I like about it," Cutean says.The mix of people reminds Cutean of his hometown of Chicago, he says, adding: "In a small town to have that big of a mix, it's unusual."Millar agreed that Fennville's ethnic blend is a contributing factor to its success."There's a cultural diversity here that is akin to what you would see in a big city," Millar says. "I think you're foolish if you think the Latino population hasn't had a huge impact on what the city is today."

What makes the current culturally rich business climate so remarkable is that it seems to be a grassroots thing – it's not a result of tax incentives or grants or other government assistance."I found that the city government and the Chamber of Commerce and the (Downtown Development Authority) board were as mystified as everybody else, but were liking it," Cutean says.Cutean now sits on the Downtown Development Authority board, and things are being done to capitalize on Fennville's rising profile. For example, the DDA has decided to fund the removal of some city-owned buildings downtown in the hopes of attracting some much-needed retail space."The thing is, everybody functions as community, as friends," Cutean says. "There is a good local community energy here now, and everybody seems to be supportive of everybody else," Cutean says.

For Millar, the joy of being part of the community comes from discovering a hidden gem and pitching in to help make it better. "One of my favorite things about being down here the last couple of years was discovering what was really in this community and how many unique things were just kind of bubbling under the surface," says Millar."There's something to be says for being in on the ground floor, something to be says for coming into a town when you can help define how the community is going to grow, rather than coming into a community that's already got a personality and trying to fit in," Millar says.

Sunday 27 January 2008

Searching for the truth online

The world wide web is a modern miracle - a source of boundless information; a publishing place for budding authors, musicians, movie makers and opiners.

The problem is that when any old Joe can contribute to the global information bank, how can we trust what we find?
It was one of the topics under discussion at the recent Internet Governance Forum in Rio.
Some people are saying that the web has been dreadfully oversold, and that user generated content, rather than being interesting and insightful comment about the times we live in, is instead an unbroken stream of unmediated and opinionated chatter.
Wisdom of the many
The publishing and broadcasting revolution that has seen the rise of sites such as Flickr and YouTube is seeing a new blog created every second and the people previously known as the audience now produce the content.

Silicon Valley resident Andrew Keen has written a book, The Cult of the Amateur, asking if we are being sold a line here, all for someone else to pocket the profits.
"There are people making a fortune out of the web 2.0 revolution, whether they're from Google, YouTube or Wikipedia," he says. "They've convinced all of us to become authors and they're making a fortune out of us.
"We're giving our content away for free, most of it has no value, and much of it is unreliable and embarrassing for us.

"Meanwhile culture, broadly, is the victim because there's more and more of this user-generated dross out there and professional, high-quality culture, whether it's film, television, music or journalism, is in crisis."
As a charity, Wikipedia does not make money but relies on free labour for its very existence.
Criticised for its lack of authority and vulnerability to vandalism, bias and inaccuracy, the site is also seen as pushing a myth that there is a democracy of talent and that the wisdom of the crowd is equal to that of a hard-working expert.
Andrew Keen calls it the "great seduction". In response, he has been accused of under-estimating how the internet has freed people from the passive acceptance of someone else's information.
Democracy of access
"The internet, for the first time ever, has democratised access to information," says Mark Kelly from the Council of Europe.
"But more than that, social network sites are allowing freedom of assembly and association between people in ways that would have been inconceivable even a few years ago.

"I greatly welcome the diversity of communication that there is on the internet and I don't think quality has suffered."
During last year's demonstrations and government clampdowns in Burma, the internet helped those on the ground get pictures out.
Yes the production values were low but it was journalistically invaluable, especially when government censorship stymied standard reporting.
But can such compelling pictures and reports - the first draft of history, as they say - be trusted?
They may not, for instance, be subject to the same sort of journalistic rigour associated with delivering largely reliable information. This is an issue for the mainstream media that is often itching to use the stuff.
Fact checking
"A lot of people e-mail their pictures, video and e-mail reports of things they've seen [to the BBC]," explains Richard Sambrook, the director of BBC Global News.
"But we don't broadcast any of it until we've gone back to them, talked to them, and checked out the veracity of what they've sent in.
"I think for professional news organisations like the BBC, and others, that kind of fact checking is at its core. You don't get that on social networking sites, blogs and so on. That's really one of the key distinctions that I think Andrew Keen is making."
The internet is disrupting the business models that once supported news, culture and knowledge.
We download for free; let the public report; leave knowledge creation in the hands of the crowd. But is this numbing our tastes and lowering our standards for truth?
In short, is the cost of having more for free that when it comes to quality we are satisfied with less?
"We're undermining culture to such an extent that it's harder and harder to sell the thing," says Mr Keen.
"We're giving it away for free, which means that no-one's buying anything, which you see, for example, in the record business - the collapse of a whole industry, the recorded music business.
"It's not an ideal business, I acknowledge that; it was run by some very short-sighted and sometimes self-interested people. But nonetheless I prefer a world where there are lots of CDs rather than none at all."
The means of production and dissemination are shifting, and the cacophony of internet voices means we all feel lost in the woods.
Perhaps then there is still a role for established and trusted media brands to help people find a way through the muddle and get a clear picture on the other side?

Friday 25 January 2008

Module Website

A quick reminder that this week's lecture slides and next week's reading can be found on the week-by-week section of the module website.

Bill Gates Calls For a Kinder 'Creative Capitalism'



Full story in the Wall Street Journal.

Tuesday 22 January 2008

New Media vs Old

A few short years ago, 'read a good daily newspaper everyday' was a major piece of advice given to people studying degrees in social policy & social science. Such advice seems increasingly outdated. Do any of you regularly buy a paper? I feel I ought to, but even when I do, truth is I've already read most of the stories I am interested in on the paper's web version and have often done so 24 hours before I get my hands on a print version.

So where does this leave the old news media? Some papers have tried to charge for access to their online content, but that hasn't proved successful in the main. The New York Times (NYT), arguably the USA's best broadsheet, invested a lot of its hopes in this approach, but recently relented and made all their copy available free of charge from September of 2007. It turned out that charging just meant many people got their news from elsewhere and not only did NYT miss out on readers they also lost potential web based advertising revenue. For some pundits, NYT's move marked the death knell of the paid content model.

Yet, even with its increased advertising revenues from its new website, NYT is in trouble and some are asking questions about its long term future. Some think it could be that Google might look to buy NYT at some point in the near future. That would have been completely unthinkable ten years ago. Aside from the fact that the NYT is one of the most famous newspapers in the world, Google was little more than a handful of programmers helping people access the relatively new world wide web back then. Now, of course, Google is a giant global company and the main question for those who worked at Google in the early days is 'What should I do now I am a multi-millionaire?'.

If Google does buy NYT it will powerfully illustrate that some fundamental changes in the economy have been unleashed by the web.

Monday 21 January 2008

Britain classed as "Endemic Surveillance Society" - worst in Europe


Theres a great study done on different surveillance societies. Ive included the map, heres the link for the abstract of it :http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd[347]=x-347-559597
The full report is almost too comprehensive...

Sunday 20 January 2008

Can Facebook be trusted?

OK, here's a topic to start us off. I am guessing that most people in the class are members of Facebook or something like it. Obviously it was one of the tech success stories of 2007 and the guys who set it up are now worth millions.

If you are a user, I guess chances are you take the service for granted: it's free, easy to use and a good way of keeping in touch with people.

But, some people are starting to question the service:

  1. There are worries about user privacy. Recently, Facebook's Beacon advertising service caused a storm when (mainly USA based) users found that, without real warning, their profile and news feed started to display details of goods purchased from unrelated stores (e.g. recent movies rented or CDs bought). Beacon has now been changed so that people have to opt-in, rather than opt-out, but does this suggest that Facebook are playing fast-and-loose with their users' privacy?
  2. There are concerns over who owns the data on Facebook. Social networking guru Robert Scoble was at the centre of a massive debate on tech blogs a few weeks back when Facebook banned him from the service for trying to export the contact details of his Facebook friends. Facebook said the data was theirs, not his, even though they were his friends. Does this seem right?
  3. Which links with concerns about access to the service. There are some reports of people being banned from the service for little reason. If you can't export your friends' contact details, yet Facebook can ban you at any moment, is it prudent to use the service as key way of staying in touch with people?
  4. And, on top of all this, it seems that spammers and fraudsters are increasingly attracted to the service. Is it not just too risky to be place so much personal information in the public domain?
A bit of devil's advocate here, perhaps, but some valid concerns too. Certainly some are valid enough to interest the government: the Information Commissioner's Office is investigating Facebook's data protection policies at present.

So, can Facebook be trusted? If you've some thoughts, leave them in the comments section below or feel free to start your own post.

Class Presentations

In the first session we allocated class presentations for the module. These are the dates and titles we agreed (or, if you were not present, that were randomly allocated). Let me know as soon as possible if there is a problem with your date or title.

Week 3:
  • Virtual Seminar Round-Up: Andrew Godfrey
  • Why does Florida think that, in the new economy, the creative class are the key to economic success? Matthew Mann
  • What policies might cities/regions introduce in order to attract ‘creative class’ workers? Adam Formby

Week 4:

  • Virtual Seminar Round-Up: Jorge Ribeiro
  • Did the Blair government’s plans to make all services available electronically make a difference? Jangwon Seo
  • Would it be better for the government to focus on e-democracy rather than e-services? Adam Lawson

Week 5:

  • Virtual Seminar Round-Up: Tarek Allouni
  • What is the digital divide? Ed Barden
  • Should we be concerned by low levels of internet use amongst the socially excluded? Lin Li
  • Is the One Laptop Per Child project misguided? Hyunguck Seo

Week 6:

  • Virtual Seminar Round-Up: Adam Lawson
  • What does Perri 6 mean when he talks of people being ‘divided by information’? Jorge Ribeiro
  • What do Burrows et al mean when they say that internet based neighbourhood information systems (IBNIS) are 'being used to ‘sort’ places and the people who live in them in particular ways'? Sofia Benza Lezcano

Week 7:

  • Virtual Seminar Round-Up: Adam Formby
  • Will the internet increase the level of crime in society? Andrew Godfrey
  • Should we be worried about the prospect of cyberterrorism? Tarek Allouni

Week 8:

  • Virtual Seminar Round-Up: Hyunguck Seo

Week 2 Lecture Slides


Welcome

Welcome to the State, Technology & Social Policy Class Blog.

This blog is an attempt to:

  • foster engagement with an increasingly important form of internet mediated communication (i.e. blogging)
  • take discussion out of the class room and onto the web in order to help us to exploit the vast range of module relevant materials in cyberspace
  • boost your control over the agenda of the module itself by having an open forum whose content influences our weekly face-to-face meetings and end of term conference

There are two key ways you can interact with the blog:

  1. Create altogether new posts -- if you've found a good resource, a news story or just have something you want to say then log-in and click new post link (you can click the link here to take you straight there or the new post link on the module home page or on the sidebar of the blog itself)
  2. Add comments to posts by others -- if you want to respond or add to something someone else has said that click the comments link at the foot of their message. You can do all the same things here as in a normal post - leave links etc - but the message will appear underneath the same heading and help readers to see that the two posts are connected.

If you're new to blogging it may take a few posts to get used to this, but I am hoping it won't take long for you all to become comfortable with the process. If you're feeling a bit lost or just want to learn more about the blog's features then try the help pages.